Bioinks

ε-PLMA, a small-molecule polycationic crosslinker, is introduced to formulate the Alg-based polyelectrolyte bioinks with high printability for extrusion bioprinting. The fast mixture of small-molecule ε-PLMA and Alg within 10 s significantly improves its operability, while their electrostatic interaction increases pre-printing viscosity, under-printing shear-thinning behaviors during extrusion, post-printing self-supporting behaviors and bioregulatory functions.